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southward from the St. Lawrence to the Gulf, and the Spanish northward to the Arctic Ocean. None of the
European nations had any idea of the immense territory they were donating.]
Two Centuries of Exploration and One of Settlement. These explorations had lasted during the fifteenth and
sixteenth centuries, and at the close of the sixteenth century, the only permanent settlements were those of the
Spaniards at St. Augustine and Santa Fe. In the beginning of the seventeenth century, permanent settlements
multiplied. They were made by
The FRENCH at Port Royal, N S., in 1605;
The ENGLISH at Jamestown, in 1607;
The FRENCH at Quebec, in 1608;
DUTCH EXPLORATIONS. 21
 A Brief History of the United States
The DUTCH at New York, in 1613;
The ENGLISH at Plymouth, in 1620.
[Footnote: Here lay the shaggy continent from Florida to the Pole, outstretched in savage slumber. On the
bank of the James River was a nest of woebegone Englishmen, a handful of fur-traders at the mouth of the
Hudson, and a few shivering Frenchmen among the snowdrifts of Acadia; while amid still wilder desolation
Champlain upheld the banner of France over the icy rock of Quebec. These were the advance guard of
civilization, the messengers of promise to a desert continent. Yet, not content with inevitable woes, they were
rent by petty jealousies and miserable quarrels, while each little fragment of rival nationalities, just able to
keep up its own wretched existence on a few square miles, begrudged to all the rest the smallest share in a
domain which all the nations of Europe could not have sufficed to fill. Parkman.]
Summary of the History of the First Epoch, arranged in Chronological Order.
1492. Columbus discovered the New World, October 12
1497. The Cabots discovered Labrador, July 3
1498. The Cabots explored the Atlantic Coast
South America was discovered by Columbus, August 10
Vasco de Gama sailed round the Cape of Good Hope
and discovered a passage to India
1512. Ponce de Leon discovered Florida, April 6
1513. Balboa saw the Pacific Ocean, September 29
1519-21. Cortez conquered Mexico
1520. Magellan discovered and sailed through the straits
which bear his name, into the Pacific Ocean; and his
vessel returning home by the Cape of Good Hope,
had made the first circumnavigation of the globe
1524. Verrazani explored the coast of North America
1528. Narvaez explored part of Florida
1534-35. Cartier discovered the Gulf of St. Lawrence and ascended
the river to Montreal
1539-41. De Soto rambled over the Southern States and in 1541
discovered the Mississippi River
1540-42. Cabrillo explored California and sailed along the Pacific
Coast
1541-42. Roberval attempted to plant a colony on the St. Lawrence,
but failed
1562. Ribaut attempted to plant a Huguenot colony at Port
Royal, but failed
1564. Laudonniere attempted to plant a Huguenot colony
on the St. John's River. It was destroyed by the
Spaniards
1565. Melendez founded a colony at St. Augustine, Florida;
first permanent settlement in the United States
1576-7. Frobisher tried to find a northwest passage; entered
Baffin Bay, and twice attempted to found a colony
in Labrador, but failed
1578-80. Drake sailed along Pacific Coast to Oregon; wintered
in San Francisco, and circumnavigated the globe
1582. Espejo founded Santa Fe; second oldest town in the
DUTCH EXPLORATIONS. 22
 A Brief History of the United States
United States
1583. Gilbert was lost at sea
1583-7. Raleigh twice attempted to plant a colony in Virginia
1602. Gosnold discovered Cape Cod, May 14
1605 De Monts established a colony at Port Royal, Nova
Scotia first permanent French settlement in America
1607 The English settled Jamestown first permanent
English settlement in America, May 23
1608 Champlain planted a colony at Quebec first permanent
French settlement in Canada,
1609 Hudson discovered the Hudson River,
Champlain discovered Lake Champlain,
1613 Settlement of New York by the Dutch,
1620 Pilgrims settled at Plymouth first English settlement
in New England December 21
REFERENCES FOR READING
Irving's Columbus-Parkman's Pioneers of France Jesuits in North America, and Discovery of the Great
West Longfellow's Sir Humphrey Gilbert (Poem) De Vere's Romance of American History Abbott's
Biography of Illustrious Men and Women T. Irving's De Soto in Florida Help's Spanish Conquest of
America-Biddle's Sebastian Cabot Nicholls's John Cabot Barlow's Vision of Columbus (Poem) and
Poems on Columbus by Samuel Rogers and F R Lowell-Simms's Damsel of Danen (Poem) Scibner's
Monthly, Nov 1874 art, Pictures from Florida Harper's Magazine, Nov etc 1874, art The first Century of the
Republic Prescott's Ferdinand and Isabella (Columbus) Hawk's History of North Carolina (Lost Colony of
Roanoke) Shea's Discovery and Exploration of the Mississippi Valley Wallace's Fair God [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]